May reduce recurrent UTIs particularly in women with frequent infections.

•Generally well tolerated; common side effects include mild digestive upset, diarrhea,bloating

Safe with antibiotics, though not a substitute during active infection .

Paracetamol 650 mg is used to:

•Reduce fever (antipyretic)

•Relieve mild to moderate pain, such as:

•Headache

•Toothache

•Back pain

•Menstrual cramps

•Muscular aches

•Post-vaccination fever or pain

•Joint pain (non-inflammatory origin)

•Pain due to cold or flu

Paracetamol works by:

Inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) in the brain, which reduces the production of prostaglandins (chemicals that cause pain and fever).

Unlike NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen), paracetamol does not reduce inflammation significantly.

Adults and children over 12 years:

•Typical dose: 650 mg every 4 to 6 hours, as needed.

•Maximum dose: Do not exceed 4,000 mg (4 grams) per day.

Children:

•Not recommended in this strength (650 mg) for children unless prescribed by a doctor.

•Pediatric doses are based on body weight and require special formulations (e.g., syrups or 250 mg tablets).

Note: Always follow a doctor's instructions and check the label before use.

•Liver conditions: Avoid or use with caution if you have liver disease or consume alcohol regularly.

•Avoid combining with other medications containing paracetamol to prevent overdose.

•Safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding (when used as recommended).

•Consult a doctor before using in children under 12 years.

Paracetamol is generally well-tolerated. However, in rare cases:

•Allergic reactions: rash, swelling, itching

•Liver damage (in overdose)

•Low blood pressure (rare)

•Blood disorders (extremely rare)

•Widely available and inexpensive

•Safe when used as directed

•Fewer GI side effects compared to NSAIDs

•Safe for most populations including elderly, children (with correct dosage), and pregnant women